Ethiopia is a country with one of the richest histories on the African continent, and a land of contrasts and surprises of remote and wild places.

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Ethiopia is located in the Horn of Africa and is bordered on the north and northeast by Eritrea, on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the south by Kenya, and on the west and southwest by Sudan. The size of Ethiobia is 1,127,127  square kilometers (435,071 square miles) and the tenth largest African country by land area and, with  around 78 million inhabitants, it is the third largest African nation in terms of population. The country has a high central plateau that varies from 1,800 to 3,000 meters above sea level, with some mountains reaching over 4,600 meters. Elevation is generally highest just before the point of descent to the Great Rift Valley, which splits the plateau diagonally. A number of rivers cross the plateau, most notable the Blue Nile flowing from Lake Tana.

Ethiopia is a country with one of the richest histories on the African continent, and a land of contrasts and surprises of remote and wild places. Ethiopia has much to offer visitors: The Historic Route, covering the ancient town of Axum with its amazing obelisks, Christian festivals and relics; Gondar with its castles and palaces; Lalibela with its remarkable rock hewn churches, and the walled Muslim city of Harar. Natural attractions include a string of Great Rift Valley lakes, many with national parks home to a wealth of bird and animal life; the high, rugged Simien Mountains in the north and the Bala Mountains in the south are also home to some unique wild life.

Addis Ababa is the capital of Ethiopia and has a population of around 2 million people. The city was founded in 1887 by Emperor Menelik and covers an area of over 21,000 hectares. There is no designated city center in Addis Ababa because, until very recently, there was no urban planning and the city simply grew in a natural, organic way. Tall office buildings, elegant villas, fashionable first-class hotels and restaurants, museums, palaces, conference halls and theaters can be found alongside traditional homes of wattle and daub, surrounded by cattle, sheep, goats and chickens. There are numerous local restaurants offering various exotic dishes. In Addis Ababa you find Africa's largest open-air market, the Mercato. Pick-pocket, "snatch and run" thefts, and other petty crimes are common in Addis Ababa. These are generally crimes of opportunity rather than planned attacks. Travelers should exercise caution in crowded areas, especially if visiting the Mercato market.

For the most part, the country is safe. Avoid traveling to the eastern part of the country beyond the city of Harar. The Somali separatist groups occasionally launch guerrilla attack. Organized crime and gang violence are very unusual in most parts of the country, however, in border areas of Sudan and Kenya, there are some reports indicating occurrences of banditry, so avoid these areas. In the past year, there has been an increase in targeted bombings in Addia Ababa and other parts of Etiopia. In November 2008, the Government of Ethiopia issued a warning to its citizens alerting them of the potential for terrorist attacks and subsequently increased security measures.

Bole International Airport in Addis Ababa is the main airport in Ethiopia, with many scheduled flights including airlines like British Airways, Lufthansa, Emirates and Ethiopian airways. To avoid possible confusion or delays, travelers are advised to obtain a valid Ethiopian visa prior to arrival. If you intend to arrive entering across any land port-of-entry, you must obtain a valid visa prior to arrival.

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